NANP Board Practice Exam

Which short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) is noted for its anti-cancer effects in the colon?

1. Arachidonic acid

2. Butyric acid

3. Linoleic acid

4. Oleic acid

The correct answer is: Butyric acid

Butyric acid is noted for its anti-cancer effects in the colon due to its ability to promote colonocyte health and maintain gut barrier function. It is a product of dietary fiber fermentation by gut microbiota and plays a critical role in gut health. Research indicates that butyric acid has the potential to induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells, inhibit tumor growth, and reduce inflammation. This makes it particularly significant in the prevention and management of colorectal cancer. In contrast, the other fatty acids listed do not have the same recognized role in colon cancer prevention. Arachidonic acid, while important in inflammatory processes, does not specifically contribute to anti-cancer effects in the colon. Linoleic acid and oleic acid, although essential fatty acids beneficial for overall health, are not specifically noted for targeted anti-cancer properties in colorectal tissues like butyric acid is.