NANP Board Practice Exam 2025 – The All-in-One Guide to Achieving Exam Success!

Insulin is the hormone with an anabolic effect on carbohydrates. It plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism by promoting the uptake of glucose into tissues, particularly muscle and fat cells, where it can be stored as glycogen or used for energy. This anabolic effect helps to lower blood sugar levels after meals, facilitating the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage, thus aiding in energy balance and regulation.

Cortisol, while important for maintaining several body functions, primarily has a catabolic effect, especially in the context of stress response and metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. Epinephrine also acts more acutely to mobilize energy reserves, particularly during stress and fight-or-flight responses, rather than promoting storage. Glucagon acts in the opposite manner to insulin; its main function is to raise blood glucose levels by promoting the conversion of stored glycogen back into glucose, which is essential during fasting or low-energy situations. In contrast, insulin is key in promoting the storage and utilization of carbohydrates.