NANP Board Practice Exam

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Which one of the following hormones has the least effect on glucose metabolism?

Insulin
Glucagon
Cortisol
Aldosterone

The correct answer is: Aldosterone

The hormone that has the least effect on glucose metabolism is aldosterone. Aldosterone primarily regulates sodium and potassium levels in the body and plays a crucial role in managing blood pressure through its action on the kidneys. Its main function involves the retention of sodium and excretion of potassium, which does not significantly influence glucose metabolism directly. In contrast, insulin, glucagon, and cortisol all have more pronounced effects on glucose levels in the blood. Insulin directly lowers blood glucose by facilitating its uptake into cells. Glucagon raises blood glucose levels by promoting the release of glucose stored in the liver. Cortisol, a stress hormone, increases blood glucose levels by promoting gluconeogenesis and the breakdown of fat and protein. Therefore, among the hormones listed, aldosterone is the least involved in regulating glucose metabolism.