NANP Board Practice Exam

Where does fatty acid synthesis occur?

1. In liver and adipose tissue

2. In muscle cells

3. In red blood cells

4. In nerve cells

The correct answer is: In liver and adipose tissue

Fatty acid synthesis primarily occurs in the liver and adipose tissue. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of these cells, where excess dietary carbohydrates and proteins are converted into fatty acids for storage as triglycerides. The liver plays a crucial role in metabolism and can send fatty acids into the bloodstream for distribution to various tissues, including adipose tissues, which store these fatty acids when they are not immediately used for energy. Adipose tissue itself is vital for storing energy in the form of fat and is actively involved in lipid metabolism, making it a significant site for fatty acid synthesis. Together, these two tissues work in a coordinated manner to ensure that the body can effectively manage energy intake and storage, especially during times of excess caloric intake. While other tissues such as muscle cells, red blood cells, and nerve cells have important metabolic functions, they do not primarily engage in de novo fatty acid synthesis. Instead, they utilize existing fatty acids or other energy substrates for their activities.